since 1820

The violin since 1820

Fingering and shifting

Pedagogical literature

Violin Since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Violin since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Vibrato

Up to the early 20th century vibrato was employed sparingly as an expressive ornament linked with the inflections of the bow. It served to articulate melodic shape and assist in cantabile playing and was employed particularly on sustained or final notes in a phrase, at a speed and intensity appropriate to the music's dynamic, tempo and character.

Violin since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Violin since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Violin since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Violin since 1820: Technique and performing practice

Historical outline.